The History And Background On Martha Graham

Ancient Olmec Trade and Economy

Old Olmec Trade and Economy The Olmec culture flourished in the damp swamps of Mexicos Gulf coast during the Early and Middle Formative times of Mesoamerica, from about 1200â€400 BCE. They were extraordinary specialists and skilled architects who had a mind boggling religion and perspective. Albeit much data about the Olmecs has been lost to time, archeologists have prevailing with regards to finding out much about their way of life from unearthings in and around the Olmec country. Among the fascinating things they have learned is the way that the Olmec were persevering merchants who had numerous contacts with contemporary Mesoamerican developments. Mesoamerican Trade Before the Olmec By 1200 BCE, the individuals of Mesoamerica-present-day Mexico and Central America-were building up a progression of complex social orders. Exchange with neighboring groups and clans was normal, yet these social orders didn't have significant distance exchange highways, a trader class, or a generally acknowledged type of money, so they were restricted to a down-the-line kind of exchange organize. Prized things, for example, Guatemalan jadeite or a sharp obsidian blade, may well end up a long way from where it was mined or made, yet simply after it had gone through the hands of a few separated societies, exchanged starting with one then onto the next. The Dawn of the Olmec One of the achievements of Olmec culture was the utilization of exchange to enhance their general public. Around 1200 BCE, the incomparable Olmec city of San Lorenzo (its unique name is obscure) started making significant distance exchange systems with different pieces of Mesoamerica. The Olmec were talented craftsmans, whose ceramics, stone apparatuses, sculptures, and puppets demonstrated mainstream for business. The Olmecs, thus, were keen on numerous things that were not local to their piece of the world. Their vendors exchanged for some, things, including crude stone material, for example, basalt, obsidian, serpentine and jadeite, wares, for example, salt, and creature items, for example, pelts, splendid plumes, and shells. When San Lorenzo declined after 900 BCE, it was supplanted in significance by La Venta, whose dealers utilized a significant number of a similar exchange courses followed by their progenitors. Olmec Economy The Olmec required fundamental products, for example, food and earthenware, and extravagance things, for example, jadeite and plumes for making decorations for rulers or strict ceremonies. Most basic Olmec â€Å"citizens† were associated with food creation, tending fields of essential harvests, for example, maize, beans, and squash, or angling the waterways that moved through the Olmec countries. There is no reasonable proof that the Olmecs exchanged for food, as no remaining parts of groceries not local to the area have been found at Olmec destinations. The special cases to this are salt and cacao, which were perhaps acquired through exchange. There seems to have been a lively exchange extravagance things, for example, obsidian, serpentine and creature skins, be that as it may. The Gulf Coast Olmec bloomed when there were at any rate four different islands of extending development in Mesoamerica: the Soconusco, the Basin of Mexico, the Copan Valley, and the Valley of Oaxaca. The Olmec exchanging rehearses, followed through the development of merchandise created or mined somewhere else, are vital to understanding the Early and Middle Formative narratives of Mesoamerica. Qualities of the Olmec exchanging system include: really young looking puppets (basically, convenient forms of the Olmec stone heads);distinctive white-rimmed blackware earthenware and Calzadas Carved wares;abstract iconography, particularly that of the Olmec mythical beast; andEl Chayal obsidian, a translucent to straightforward grouped dark volcanic stone. Olmec Trading Partners The Mokaya progress of the Soconusco locale (Pacific coast Chiapas state in present-day Mexico) was about as cutting edge as the Olmec. The Mokaya had created Mesoamericas previously known chiefdoms and set up the primary perpetual towns. The Mokaya and Olmec societies were not very far separated topographically and were not isolated by any unrealistic impediments, (for example, an amazingly high mountain go), so they made regular exchange accomplices. The Mokaya embraced Olmec aesthetic styles in model and stoneware. Olmec adornments were mainstream in Mokaya towns. By exchanging with their Mokaya accomplices, the Olmec approached cacao, salt, quills, crocodile skins, puma pelts and alluring stones from Guatemala, for example, jadeite and serpentine. Olmec business expanded well into present-day Central America: there is proof of neighborhood social orders having contact with the Olmec in Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador. In Guatemala, the unearthed town of El Mezak yielded numerous Olmec-style pieces, including jadeite tomahawks, stoneware with Olmec structures and themes and puppets with the particular savage Olmec endearing face. There is even a bit of earthenware with an Olmec were-panther plan. In El Salvador, numerous Olmec-style knickknacks have been found and at any rate one nearby site raised a man-made pyramid hill like Complex C of La Venta. In the Copan valley of Honduras, the main pilgrims of what might turn into the incomparable Maya city-territory of Copn gave indications of Olmec impact in their earthenware. In the bowl of Mexico, the Tlatilco culture started to create about a similar time as the Olmec, in the region involved by Mexico City today. The Olmec and Tlatilco societies clearly were in contact with each other, in all likelihood through an exchange, and the Tlatilco culture received numerous parts of Olmec craftsmanship and culture. This may have even incorporated a portion of the Olmec divine beings, as pictures of the Olmec Dragon and Banded-eye God show up on Tlatilco objects. The antiquated city of Chalcatzingo, in present-day Morelos of focal Mexico, had broad contact with La Venta-period Olmecs. Situated in a bumpy area in the Amatzinac River valley, Chalcatzingo may have been viewed as a consecrated spot by the Olmec. From about 700â€500 BCE, Chalcatzingo was a creating, powerful culture with associations with different societies from the Atlantic to the Pacific. The raised hills and stages show Olmec impact, yet the most significant association is in the 30 or so carvings that are found on the precipices that encompass the city. These show a particular Olmec impact in style and substance. Significance of Olmec Trade The Olmec were the most progressive human progress of their time, building up an early composing framework, propelled stonework and confounded strict ideas before other contemporary social orders. Consequently, the Olmec affected other creating Mesoamerican societies with which they came into contact. One reason the Olmec were so significant and persuasive a few archeologists, however not all, consider the Olmec the mother culture of Mesoamerica-was the way that they had broad exchange contact with different human advancements from the valley of Mexico well into Central America. The centrality of the exchange is that the Olmec urban areas of San Lorenzo and La Venta were the focal point of the exchange: at the end of the day, products, for example, Guatemalan and Mexican obsidian came into Olmec focuses however were not exchanged straightforwardly to other developing habitats. While the Olmec declined between 900â€400 BCE, its previous exchanging accomplices dropped the Olmec attributes and developed all the more remarkable all alone. Olmec contact with different gatherings, regardless of whether they didn't all grasp the Olmec culture, gave numerous dissimilar and broad civic establishments a typical social reference and a first taste of what complex social orders may offer. Sources Cheetham, David. Social Imperatives in Clay: Early Olmec Carved Pottery from San Lorenzo and Cantã ³n Corralito. Antiquated Mesoamerica 21.1 (2010): 165â€86. Print.Coe, Michael D, and Rex Koontz. Mexico: From the Olmecs to the Aztecs. sixth Edition. New York: Thames and Hudson, 2008Diehl, Richard A. The Olmecs: Americas First Civilization. London: Thames and Hudson, 2004.Rosenswig, Robert M. Olmec Globalization: A Mesoamerican Archipelago of Complexity. The Routledge Handbook of Archeology and Globalization. Ed. Hodos, Tamar: Taylor Francis, 2016. 177â€193. Print.

How to Write a Personal Essay on My Friend

How to Write a Personal Essay on My FriendWriting an essay on your friend is a difficult task. If you have a friend who is a celebrity and you want to write an essay for your school, you will find writing a short report on this person easy. The other way to do it will be easier and more difficult.Writing your own essay is easy. All you need to do is start from the basics. Once you have started, you can look for additional information on the Internet or from the sources mentioned in the article. This will help you with your assignment.Ask your different friends for tips about your friend. They can provide you with detailed information about the relationship between the two of them. You can use these details for your essay. Also, the friends can give you details about the life of your friend.Your friend's personality will be a strong part of your essay. Do not forget to include that in your report. It is not right to ignore this. You have to make sure you put the full force of your per sonality in your piece.A great personality trait is going to be expressed by the things you do in your life. This should be included in your essay. You have to check out some of the people who share your friend with you and find out if they have something interesting in their life.Great personalities have a way of telling us the real stories about themselves. You can use the information given to give the impression of what your friend is like. Thus, you will be able to produce a good essay.A well-written essay is a proof that you know how to write. You have to research all the materials that you are going to use. Make sure you gather all the facts that you will need for your essay. Do not miss any important information because you may have to deal with problems when you submit your project.Make sure you use the free and easy-to-use essay samples that are available online. These samples will guide you to the right way to write. The best way to learn how to write is by using these res ources.

International finance management - 7674 Words

Chapter 1 Multinational Financial Management An Overview Lecture Outline Managing the MNC Facing Agency Problems Management Structure of an MNC Why Fimrs Pursue International Business Theory of Comparative Advantage Imperfect Markets Theory Product Cycle Theory How Firms Engage in International Business International Trade Licensing Franchising Joint Ventures Acquisitions of Existing Operations Establishing New Foreign Subsidiaries Summary of Methods Valuation Model for an MNC Domestic Model Valuing International Cash Flows Uncertainty Surrounding an MNCs Cash Flows Uncertainty of an MNCs Cost of Capital Organization of the Text Chapter Theme This chapter introduces the multinational corporation as having similar goals†¦show more content†¦Explain how the theory of comparative advantage relates to the need for international business. ANSWER The theory of comparative advantage implies that countries should specialize in production, thereby relying on ot her countries for some products. Consequently, there is a need for international business. b. Explain how the product cycle theory relates to the growth of an MNC. ANSWER The product cycle theory suggests that at some point in time, the firm will attempt to capitalize on its perceived advantages in markets other than where it was initially established. Imperfect Markets. a. Explain how the existence of imperfect markets has led to the establishment of subsidiaries in foreign markets. ANSWER Because of imperfect markets, resources cannot be easily and freely retrieved by the MNC. Consequently, the MNC must sometimes go to the resources rather than retrieve resources (such as land, labor, etc.). b. If perfect markets existed, would wages, prices, and interest rates among countries be more similar or less similar than under conditions of imperfect markets Why ANSWER If perfect markets existed, resources would be more mobile and could therefore be transferred to those count ries more willing to pay a high price for them. As this occurred, shortages of resources in any particular country would be alleviated and the costs of such resources would be similar across countries. 4. International Opportunities. Do you think the acquisition of aShow MoreRelatedImpact Technology Has Brought on the Management of International Finance680 Words   |  3 PagesFindings : To identify the positive and negative impact that changes in technology have brought on the management of international finance. With internet being one of the developments of IT, the results showed that it has culminated in improved customer convenience. 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The main concept of the article is to explain why the New International Financial Architecture (NIFA) was created and who is being benefited from this approach. The discussion begins with an examination of the power structures of the global political economy by focusing on the continued dominance of the USA. The article presents the contradictory relations between USA and global finance will be explored so as to shed more critical light on the NIFA. This article criticallyRead MoreQ1. Summarize the Globalization Debate. What Are the Major Interest Groups in the World Economy? How Are They Affected by Different Element of Globalization?2682 Words   |  11 Pagesattachment to identities and citizenship, the lifting of the barriers of visas and passports, the consecration of a new era when national sovereignty and the authority of the nation-state is fading away in favor of regional groupings, international organizations and international legality and law. 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Also included in this report, are the information needs of the different decision makers. There are long term external sources of finance that Synergy International Limited could access; they could issue preference or ordinary shares although there would be issue costs. Finance, in the wayRead MoreThe Economic Environment in Chile Essay1083 Words   |  5 Pagespopulation of about 17.46 million people. Chile is quite well known for international trade. It was ranked 18th out of the 49 most competitive economies in the world by the 1996 World Competitiveness Report which was publishes by the International Institute for Management Development in Lausanne Switzerland. The official language of Chile is Spanish. However, many well – educated business persons speak English. 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Obesity American Culture Obesity - 997 Words

Mark Loftus Prof. Downie ENG 102 21 February 2016 Obesity in American Culture Obesity plays an undeniable role in today s culture. Many factors such as increased meal size, food being advertised more often, lack of physical activity required for jobs, technology becoming a necessity in everyday life hindering activity, and unhealthy food being available at almost every corner of the streets. Ethnic backgrounds also play a role in obesity. Growing up I dealt with being overweight and had to make major changes in order to get to my goal. I have also watched family members and friends during my life succumb to the new normality of American culture that has begun to deteriorate their lives, bringing harm not only to themselves but those who care for them. I want to help educate those based off my first hand experience in the subject. I have a substantial belief that today s Culture is the root cause of obesity. In the article, titled â€Å"Genes Are Not Destiny†, it begins by describing the fact genes do play a role in obe sity but then goes on to describe the immense impact of the environment around us and how genes remain fairly stable for generations preventing an increase of the likelihood of obesity through genetics. This is important because it helps emphasizes cultures role in the drastic increase of obesity across America. Cultural influences have a big impact on a child s upbringing, from breast feeding to what food should and should not be eaten.Show MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Obesity On American Culture1657 Words   |  7 Pages There are many trends in American society ranging from popular dance moves to political opinions. Some of them are beneficial and improve the society as a whole, such as the increasing popularity in clean energy. However, there are some on the rise that are not as beneficial, such as American obesity. 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Solar Energy Essay Example For Students

Solar Energy Essay Ever since the dawn of time, the sun has been a resource we cannot live or do without, so its not such a shock that man has come up with the idea of Solar Energy Essay. Solar energy had many uses. Some can be dangerous and some, a very valuable asset to the modern world. Solar energy is energy derived from the sun in a form of ultra-violet rays. Its was first applied to use in 212 B. C., by the Greek genius Archimedes. Solar energy was used to defend the habor of Syracuse against the Roman fleet. Archimedes used a mirror or burning mirror as they had called it, to set fire to the ships of the Roman fleets while standing on shore (McDaniels 83). It wasnt until 1615 when Salomon de Caux constructed the first solar device; a solar engine. His device was made of glass lenses, supporting frame, and an airtight metal vessel containing water and air. This produced a small water fountain when the air heated up during operation. This was considered to be more of a toy than a device, but it was the first published account of the use of solar energy since the fall of the Roman Empire (Cheremisinoff 1). Some other use of solar energy after that was the solar roof and the solar oven. The solar roof was thought up by Harold Hay. In a solar roof system, water is contained in a clear plastic bag and it is placed on a black metal roof. Hay got the idea while traveling in India on a technical aid mission for the U. S government. While there, he noticed that many people were living in rusty, sheet metal shacks, which were hot in the day and cold at night. Hays plan was to remove the insulation from the roof on winter days so that the roof would get hot, and Replacing the insulation at night to allow the shack to be warm through the night. Then in the summer, he would so the reverse of what he did in winter to let the house cool at night and replacing the insulation in the daytime to block out the heat. Then over the years, Hay and a man named John Yellott constructed a 3- by 3.7-m building using water basins as the actual roofing material. During the summer, a slab of foam insulation was rolled back at night, and the water would become cold through the night sky evaporation. Since the water supply sat directly on a metal ceiling, it absorbed the heat from the room and kept the building air-conditioned all day. During the winter, the movable insulation was rolled back in the daytime which allowed for it to collect heat. This generated enough heat into the house through the ceiling at night to keep the room Then there was the solar cooker. Developed by Augustin Mouchot in France and by John Ericsson in the United States in the nineteenth century. They wanted to develop a solar cooker that not only reached high temperatures, but also was to be used as a means of heat storage enabling food to be cooked after sundown. Mouchot built a solar steam engine that operated a printing press in Paris in 1882. In the United States, John Ericsson invented what he called the Ericsson-cycle which was a hot-air engine for the making of solar heat. The suns rays would be concentrated with the use of a parabolic reflector, which was designed to track the sun across the sky in order to keep a constant power output. There was also the solar oven. In 1837, and astronomer from England named John Fredrick Herschel introduced to the world a solar oven. He built a small solar oven while on a trip to Africas Cape of Good Hope. The Great Gatsby Argumentative Essay In a n-on-p crystalline silicon solar cell, a shadow junction is formed by diffusing phosphorus into a boron-based base. At the junction, conduction electrons from donor atoms in the n-region diffuse into the p-region and combine with holes in acceptor atoms, producing a layer of negatively-charged impurity atoms. The opposite action also takes place, holes from acceptor atoms in the p-region crossing into the n-region, combining with electrons and producing positively-charged impurity atoms Book 4. The net result of these movements is the disappearance of .

John and Elizabeth Proctor Essay Example

John and Elizabeth Proctor Paper Arthur Millers dramatisation, The Crucible gives us his interpretation of the true events, which took place within a small community in a 17th Century America, which at the time was largely inhabited by Puritans. The play focuses mainly on two Puritans called Elizabeth and John Proctor. John Proctor is a well-respected farmer of his mid-thirties. Miller describes him as a kind man of powerful body. He runs by his own set of morals and therefore is not easily led. He is introduced by a large piece of prose that is precisely set out so that the actor knows exactly how Miller wants the actor who plays John Proctor to act, when he comes on stage. For instance, Miller asks the actor of John Proctor to act with a hidden force. The description is especially acute as he is the main character. However, Miller also introduces some of the other characters in the same way. This may have been because Miller intended it to be read as a book as well as a play. Proctors power, respect and sometimes fear among the people of Salem is evident instantaneously. We will write a custom essay sample on John and Elizabeth Proctor specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on John and Elizabeth Proctor specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on John and Elizabeth Proctor specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer As he enters, the first thing he says to Mary Warren is Ill show you a great doing on your arse one of these days subsequently Mary walks out trying to retain a shred of dignity. As well as this the stage directions for the rest of the girls show their excitement at his presence. For instance, directly after Marys exit Mercy also walks out, both afraid of him and strangely titillated. The rest of the girls react in a similar way as her stage directions show her nervousness for example, with a nervous laugh , wide-eyed and absorbing his presence. This shows the sexual charisma of Proctor. We soon find out that Proctors sin is lechery, as he had a sexual relationship with his former servant Abigail Williams. The audience learns this when Abby says,John I am a waitin for you every night. Until then Miller, had shown the audience mostly that Proctor was an upright and respected member of society. However, when it is just Proctor and Abigail alone we see the side of him that is drawn into flirtation with Abby. This is shown through the dialogue, for example the repeated use of the words wicked and mischief which work to show this aspect of Johns character to the audience . As well as this, Proctors dialogue and stage directions are suggestive. A good illustration of this is his smile widening and ah youre wicked yet arent y. Miller skilfully creates an atmosphere in which we see Proctor having pressure piled onto him by Abigail. The reader and audience can see this clearly as the words to do with pressure are repeated. For instance, I have a sense for heat, John and burning in your loneliness. Its clearly evident that Abbys words have some truth as she manages to put so much pressure on him that he eventually admits he thinks of [her] softly from time to time. The two sides to John Proctor are clearly shown. Abigail does well to put John under pressure until she mentions Elizabeth, at which point John recoils and angered-at himself he says, youll speak nothin of Elizabeth. Johns battle with desire is also shown earlier on, in the words burning in your loneliness. The tension that is built up is shortly released from Proctor, when he ends up shaking Abigail. Had Abby not mentioned Elizabeth the tension may have been released in a way that fitted with Abbys flirtatious intentions. However, the minute Elizabeths name is mentioned, this is like a catalyst, bringing John to his senses and begins to show us the battle that is taking place within John. Elizabeth never actually appears in act one instead she is somewhat mentioned by Abigail. She is described as a sickly wife and a cold and snivelling woman.